Emmanuel Kant, Anthropology from the Pragmatic Point of...

Emmanuel Kant, Anthropology from the pragmatic point of view (1798) This text is an extract from the Antropologie from the pragmatic point of view of Kant is about the importance of the power of saying  « I  » for the human subject. Indeed, for Kant, this force â€Å"raises Man on top of all other living beings†. This power is the founding of the superiority and of the dignity of Man, it is thanks to consciousness that Man becomes a moral being, in other words a being able to think himself and thus to wonder about the nature and the value of his acts. In the first part, from â€Å"Que l’Homme† [that Man] (line 1) to â€Å"sur la terre† [on earth] (line 2), Kant formulates his thesis while in the second part, from â€Å"il est par la† [it is by that] (line†¦show more content†¦In other words, a unity, which is beyond any possible experiment. We could then establish the fact that this human unity, which distinguishes itself from animals and other living beings, results from self-consciousness. According to Kant, how does Man distinguish himself from the animal? Quite simply by â€Å"son rang et sa dignite† [his rank and his dignity]. Man is different from animal and from the â€Å"chose† [thing] by his self-consciousness. He knows when he makes good and bad acts, he is conscious of his acts in general. Indeed Man cannot live like the animal and satisfy only his vital needs, nor can he live like the thing which does not have any need, Man lives by satisfying his needs and more than his vital needs. Certain needs can appear superfluous like Art, but Hegel in his Esthà ©tique work show that Art is vital for Man’s well being. Moreover Kant said that music was â€Å"the language of emotions†. Man needs to give a reason to his existence as by reflexion or the application moral values which come from reason like being solitary. These moral values are notably found in the Old Testament as in Leviticus 19:18 â€Å"loves your neighbour as yourself†. Kant then says that even if the â€Å"je† is not pronounced, the individual can think. We could notably refer to the cave men who indicated their opinion and their engagement with gestures and signs even if they did not pronounce words having a syntax. The author is then pointing out that all languages, in

The Paris And Brussels Attacks - 1258 Words

I was just a few months from my 6th birthday when the terror attacks on September 9th 2001 happened. I was too young to full grasp what was happened at the time. I knew it wasn t good by seeing everybody crying, the president was always on TV and the flags were constantly flying at half staff. Fast forwards twelve years later and now terrorist are attacking the city that I live in. Unfortunately terrorism is becoming a predominate issue for not only us in the United States but for our Allies in Europe. The Paris and Brussels attacks are proof that even 15 years later we are still faced with a dangerous problem. Groups like Al-Qa’ida and recently ISIS are planting members of their terror organization in the borders of many countries around the world with only one goal in mind, cause havoc. These groups need to be stomped and we, The United States of America need to be the ones to do the stomping. Wether it be passing new laws strengthening our borders or using military force, t he people of this country and many others should not be forced to live in a state of fear. The easy definition of terrorism is â€Å"the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.(Webster’s)† However the Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) uses more in depth definitions to define to separation between International terrorism verse Domestic terrorism. Domestic is defined by the FBI as â€Å"Activities involving acts dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law whileShow MoreRelatedThe Syrian Civil War1497 Words   |  6 Pagesexpectation for more well off nations to provide for those in need across the world may be the moral answer, it is certainly no small task. 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Essay about Ontological Argument Critique - 857 Words

The existence of God is a much debated philosophical argument that has mystified philosophers since the age of the ‘Enlightenment.’ Many of the different arguments put forth and analysed though, have not adequately proven God’s existence. Although in order to move forward, failed arguments must be studied to ensure that mistakes are not repeated. One such argument is the Ontological Argument. This argument was first recorded by St. Anslem (1033-1109). Descartes adapts this argument in the fifth meditation in ‘Meditations on First Philosophy.’ He first establishes that whenever he thinks about a triangle, there are certain properties that must be present in order for the form to be a triangle. Further â€Å"even if perhaps no such figure†¦show more content†¦Since no such island actually exists, Gaunilo concludes, therefore, that the argument does not prove God’s existence. However, Descartes addressed Gaunilo’s objection stating simply that whilst an island is a contrived thought, his ‘triangle’ is not. The properties of triangles can be obvious and discoverable truths; they can be proven despite the thinker. On the other hand, the perfect island may vary, based on the thoughts of different people. Thus, to link God with thoughts of an island is flawed (Cardinal, et al, 2005). Another philosopher, Charles Hartshorne held that an island was a contingent entity that can endure termination by nature. God is a necessary as he is unaffected by nature. Thus, the two entities fail to relate to each other adequately. (Grim, 1983) As the weakest of the objections, Gaunilo does appear to have missed the point of the Ontological Argument. He mistakenly likens his island to ‘God’ when, this is rather more akin to Descartes triangle or, more so, his mountain and valley. An island needs to be completely surrounded by water in order to be called an island, just as every mountain must have a valley. To remove these properties will remove something meaningful from these entities; Descartes claims existence is an essential attribute of God. However, the crux ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Ontological Argument for the Existence of God1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ontological Argument for the Existence of God The ontological argument is an a priori argument. The arguments attempt to prove Gods existence from the meaning of the word God. The ontological argument was introduced by Anselm of Canterbury in his book Proslogion. Anselms classical argument was based on two principals and the two most involved in this is St Anselm of Canterbury as previously mentioned and Rene Descartes. The ontological argument argues thatRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1712 Words   |  7 Pagesattempts to prove the existence of God. 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The argument is appeals to those who already believe in the existence of God than to an atheist. The argument is entirelyRead MoreAnshelm ¬Ã‚ ¥s Proof of God ¬Ã‚ ¥s Existence1466 Words   |  6 Pagesposition in the light of the critique put forward by Gaunilo, Aquinas and Kant. St. Anselm (1033-1109) was an Italian philosopher and monk who later left his country to become Archbishop of Canterbury. As Anselm firmly believed in God, he wanted to prove God ´s existence through use of logic and reason and thus set out to demonstrate it in his most popular book named â€Å"Proslogion† (1078) in which he proposed one argument that, centuries later, was termed Ontological Argument by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)Read MoreEssay on Anselm’s Ontological Argument1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe ontological argument for God’s existence is a work of art resulting from philosophical argumentation. An ontological argument for the existence of God is one that attempts the method of a priori proof, which utilizes intuition and reason alone. The term a priori refers to deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is the type of reasoning that proceeds from general principles or premises to derive particular information. The argument works by examining the conce pt of God, and arguing that it impliesRead MoreArgument for Existence of God Essay4707 Words   |  19 PagesArgument for Existence of God The real is the rational, and the rational is the real. In philosophical discussion, no statement is, perhaps, more important or more controversial. Yet, this is the very position that I advocate within this paper. The equation of the rational with the real is at the heart of the argument I here consider, that being the ontological argument for the existence of God. There are several versions of the ontological argument for the existence of God, which is to say thatRead MoreSt. Anselm Of Canterbury2376 Words   |  10 Pagesproving the existence of god, and from this has sprouted many arguments attempting to prove or disprove god’s existence from a wide variety of different perspectives. St. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury has proved a true pioneer in the study of the philosophy of religion. Anselm provided one of the most crucial and influential solutions to solving the mystery of god’s existence, the Ontological Argument. While there were many different arguments (along with their originators) discussed during the religionRead MoreHeidegger, Kant, And The Ontological Argument985 Words   |  4 PagesHeidegger, Kant, and the Ontological Argument In the introduction to The Basic Problems of Phenomenology, Martin Heidegger explains that throughout the history of philosophy, there has been many discoveries of the â€Å"domains of being† viz., â€Å"nature, space, and soul†. However, none of these discoveries could be appreciated in a way that clarifies â€Å"their specific being.† As an example, Heidegger interprets this problem, as the reason Plato understood why the soul, along with its logos, was a differentRead MoreRene Descartes Ontological Argument957 Words   |  4 Pagesmetaphysical arguments of existence of man to his proofs for the existence of God are still discussed and debated today. In the field of religion, most famous is his Ontological proof for the existence of God. In other words, proof that one can know God a priori, with no experience whatsoever. Following his publication, a philosopher named Caterus raised key objections to his proof, which he later responded to in an intriguing way. Descartes’s reply to Caterus’s critique of Descartes’s Ontological argumentRead MoreEssay on Hegel and Kant on the Ontological Argument1748 Words   |  7 PagesHegel and Kant on the Ontological Argument ABSTRACT: I intend to present Kants refutation of the ontological argument as confronted by Hegels critique of Kants refutation. The ontological argument can be exposed in a syllogistic way: everything I conceive as belonging clearly and distinctly to the nature or essence of something can be asserted as true of something. I perceive clearly and distinctly that existence belongs to the nature or essence of a perfect being; therefore, existence can

Weight loss, nutrition, and healthy diet advice free essay sample

In the United States and such other countries, increasing use of sugar in foods has led to an increase in obesity levels. Many manufactured foods have sugars that have been added. These include jams, jellies, yogurt, peanut butter, soups, candy, bars, soft drinks and many other snacks. The National Health and Nutrition examination survey indicated that the United States population has decreased its intake of fat but increased its intake of sugary and energy giving foods, while the incidence of obesity has increased (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2006) and throughout the world.The implication here is that there is a greater likelihood of developing obesity with the consumption of sugar than with the consumption of fat. The sugar, when consumed by humans is stored as glycogen. When this glycogen becomes excessive it is converted into fats which when in excess results in the high-fat deposits common in obesity. Artificial sweeteners have various advantages over sugar and these make them the preferred choice for individuals who want to avoid the health risks of natural sugar. We will write a custom essay sample on Weight loss, nutrition, and healthy diet advice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To start with, sugar substitutes do not have the problem of lactic acid production, consequently, tooth decay is not a health hazard associated with sweeteners. The sweeteners do not undergo the fermentation process like natural sugars. The difficulty of regulating blood glucose levels is easier to manage using artificial sweeteners. Artificial sweeteners allow the individual with diabetes to enjoy a great variety of foods while maintaining close control of their sugar intake. Further, some of the artificial sweeteners even though they have a small number of energy calories, are slowly metabolized.There has been a debate on the value of extrinsic sugar to the health of an individual. Extrinsic sugar enhances the taste of food but as it does so it also increases the number of calories resulting in negative effects on the health of an individual. The nutritional advice by the United Nations following a report compiled by two of its agencies (Fao and Who ) is that free sugars should account for only as much as 10% of the total intake in a diet that is considered too healthy.This is because of the high-profit margin realized with the use of artificial sweeteners as they are more cost-effective than both corn syrup and sugar. The sweeteners, however, should be used by consumers with great caution to ensure that the sweeteners do not end up becoming more of a health hazard than a means of achieving good health.